The Philosophy Of Descartes Meditations - 1698 Words

Descartes Meditations is said to be the beginning of Western Philosophy. His writings are still greatly referred to to this day, and he is most famous for his quote â€Å"cogito ergo sum† which translates to â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† Each of Descartes’ meditations are followed by objections from other theologists and philosophers, and thereon followed by replies from Descartes. Some objections are made stronger than others, for example, Thomas Hobbes, and it could be doubted whether or not Descartes truly was able to successfully counter Hobbes’ objections. Hobbes wrote the third set of objections on all six of Descartes’ meditations, and in some cases making multiple objections within one meditation. Descartes’ first meditation concerns those things that can be called into doubt. It is in this mediation that Descartes relays all of which he previously believed in his life that could be false. He, in turn, decides that it would be best if he forgo all of his beliefs that could be false and begin again by starting with more certain bases. Descartes discusses his belief that though the senses are what we base our most certain knowledge on, the senses can be deceptive; for example, we sense things in dreams just as we do when we are awake. Hobbes objects to this meditation by saying if we leave out reason and only take into account our senses, then doubt is what follows; however, Plato had already come out with the idea of sensory deception as it applies to dreams, and so allShow MoreRelatedDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy807 Words   |  4 PagesConner Ruhl Professor Copley Philosophy 1000C 4 May 2015 Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes was the first great philosopher of the modern era, He had a new approach which was focused on scientific and mathematical truths. Descartes came to reject the scholastic tradition, one of which he was educated, due to his pursuit of mathematical and scientific truth. Much of Descartes work was done to secure advancement of human knowledge through the use of the natural sciencesRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1079 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes argues for the ideas and philosophical beliefs behind skepticism. In his writings, he describes the fallibility and importance of the body of man and through extension the senses with which we observe the world. This paper will first show that within Descartes’ writings the body is an extension of the mind. Secondly, this paper will prove that the senses are a false form of understanding which leads to the deception of the mind. FinallyR ead MoreDescartes Meditations Of First Philosophy857 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Joao Philosophy- 201 Mr. Jurkiewicz 4 March 2016 Descartes’ - Meditation #2 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher born in 1596. He is considered by many the father of modern philosophy and continues to have tremendous influence in the philosophical world to this day. The book, Meditations of First Philosophy, consist of six meditations and describes one meditation per day for six days. In meditation two, he claims that we have better knowledge of our own minds than of the physicalRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1318 Words   |  6 PagesJordan Kriegel Basic Philosophical Questions November 2, 2017 Cogito Ergo Sum Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy and his questioning of our existence in reality is a question which philosophers have tackled throughout time. Cogito ergo sum or I think therefore I am, a phrase brought about by Descartes is the backbone of his whole philosophy of our existence in reality. As long as we are thinking things, we exist. When we look at this approach to our existence we must first deny that any sensoryRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1712 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) contains six Meditations. In the first two of these Descartes addresses doubt and certainty. By the end of the second Meditation Descartes establishes the possibility of certainty by concluding that he is a â€Å"thinking thing† and that this is beyond doubt. Having established the possibility of certainty, Descartes attempts to prove the existence of God. The argument he presents in the Third Meditation for the existence of God has been nicknamed theRead MoreDescartes Meditation On First Philosophy943 Words   |  4 Pages In the third meditation of Descartes Meditation on First Philosophy, Descartes argues that his idea of God must have come from God himself. One can also wonder whether that very own argument could also apply when Descartes has an idea of the Evil Demon. In this paper, I will argue that Descartes would not think that his having an idea of the Evil Demon proves that the Evil Demon exists. In his paper, Descartes was trying to find the source of his idea of God in order to prove that GodRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1264 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy is a first-person record of Descartes’ descent into the bowels of disbelief, in order to eradicate all flawed belief from his life. In his first meditation, Descartes explains his argument for universal doubt, which leads him to doubt every truth he has ever established. Even the veracity of his sense perception is doubtful, as he renders those perceptions useless by arguing that in dreams, sense perceptions create the wildest of fantasies that cannot beRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1536 Words   |  7 Pagesdid I formerly think I was? A man, of course. But what is a man?† (Descartes 340). This question that Descartes addresses in Meditations on First Philosophy is important because it outlines his core philosophical view in his work. His philosophy primarily focuses on dualism, which is the concept that there is another world that exists with ideal forms and is separate from the world of perception. The part of dualism that Descartes focuses his work on is the distinction between the soul and the bodyRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1080 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Rene Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, God is not mentioned until the third meditation. Descartes point of view on God simply claims his existence through the act of being. According to his claim, God must, essentially, exist as well as being an outcome of His own creation. Descartes was greatly interested in the idea that God’s being promoted an external force that controlled all beings that supported his presence. Descartes declarations, presented in his Meditations on First PhilosophyRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1961 Words   |  8 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditatio ns on First Philosophy, I will be considering if Descartes resolution to the â€Å"dreaming argument† seems acceptable to trust. The First Meditation is where the â€Å"dreaming argument† is first mentioned and then gets resolved later in the Sixth Meditation and the Objections and Replies. I will be touching on the idea that our experiences could be dreaming experiences based on personal experiences and thoughts I have had regarding this topic. Then I will go on to explain how it is

Cyber Terror And Cyber Terrorism - 1843 Words

Cyber terrorism has brought and created a big threat to the society especially to the developed worlds. The threat has become so severe that it has captured the attention of the media, security system and the information industry. Cyber terrorists attack their target electronically and needless to say that it endangers life it is also a national security threat. Since most of the infrastructure in the western worlds are computerized and networked, the threat is real and poses a great risk. Just like hackers the cyber terrorists break into a computer and gather sensitive information. The danger posed by the cyber terrorists is well founded and grounded. Example of cyber terrorism occurred in September 11 when United States was attacked by terrorist, this lead the government to start addressing the issue as a real threat and some of the higher learning institutions to introduce a new course to focus primarily on cyber terrorism. Even though cyber terrorism was thought to have been orch estrated politically its result led to enhancement of national security and cyber security was beefed up. Cyber terrorism has heated up in the political arena thus becoming economically rewarding in relation to career. There are many projects that have been launched to study to study the threat and experts have addressed the congress on the matter and the danger it pauses in a society. The federal government requested the congress for 4.5 billion dollars to enhance and improve the securityShow MoreRelatedCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 PagesBank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand the background, the effects, the reality of the threat and the future of cyber terrorism. This assessment examines the reality of the cyber terrorism threat, and also questions its validityRead MoreThe Patriot Act Title Vii Section 814 And 8161429 Words   |  6 PagesSection 814 and 816. These sections of the Patriot Act protects the citizens of The United States from the world’s newest form of terror; Cyber-Terrorism. The aim is to explain this law, its adequacies, and inadequacies in detail and to offer suggestions and solutions for its shortcomings. Commission of Cyber Terrorism In 2013, a man, investigators named the â€Å"Sexual Cyber Terrorist† extorted over 350 women by hacking into their email accounts and baiting them into giving him nude photos. If the womenRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1035 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past Century, terrorism has advanced from random killings to enormous plans for terrorist groups. To understand terrorism you must first define it. Terrorism as we all know it is hard to define and understand, and has many different definitions as it is used widely. The word terrorism stems from the word terror, which means to instill fear in. People become terrorists when they take the actions towards instilling fear and terror upon people to prove a certain point or agenda. Some terroristsRead MoreUnderstanding The War On Terror1522 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding the War on Terror Youngsuk Lee PSCI A180 Professor Patrick C. Coaty 14 May, 2015 â€Æ' Many victims have been harmed from the terrorism for a long time. It is impossible for victims who are effected by the terrorism to live safely. Cruel terrorist group even attack female and children. The incidence of terrorism is increasing in the world. It is big problem in the world because countries worry about their citizen from the terrorism. The United States and other countriesRead MoreCurrent Crimes and Criminal Issues925 Words   |  4 Pagesmany as local or regional crimes, they range from illegal immigration, cybercrimes, terror, racism and terrorism. The war on terror in the aftermath of the attacks of Sep. 11, 2001 has undermined human rights globally, according to activists and experts who when the UN conference in Paris. Immediately after Sep. 11 2001 there was dramatic change in government policies in regard to terrorism, suspected terrorism, and the monitoring of citizens, with the underlying believe that human rights normsRead MoreEssay on Cyber Terrorism1167 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Terrorism Thus far we have scratched the surface of the ever-perplexing problem of terrorism. As it has evolved those in the position of countering it have also gained some valuable experience. Even with this knowledge it is very difficult, bordering on impossible to prevent terrorist acts from occurring. In the recent past there has been an extra element added to this confusing and dangerous equation, the Internet and other computer capabilities. Cyber-terrorism is a realistic possibilityRead MoreCyber Security and Technology Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageshave some knowledge about in order defend themselves. Cyber terrorism is one of the major treat to all sensitive information in cyberspace. Cyber terrorism can be defined as the use of computers and technology to cause server disruption or widespread fear in society. Through cyber terrorism data that is sensitive to major corporation and government alike are in danger of being hacked then used against them. Cyber security helps defend agai nst cyber-attacks by tracking the attackers back to the sourceRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Terrorism1093 Words   |  5 PagesSolution Q. No. 2 The possible threat posed by cyber terrorism has motivated considerable alarm. Many security experts have exposed the danger of cyber terrorists hacking into government and remote computer systems and service areas of progressive economies. The possible threat is, indeed, very disturbing. So far, despite all the gloomy pre-dictions, no single example of real cyber terrorism has been recorded. This increases the question: about the threat? Psychological, political, and economicRead MoreCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined2092 Words   |  8 PagesCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined In order to properly answer the question posed we must first define what cyber-war and cyber-terrorism are. The Oxford Dictionaries defines cyber-war as â€Å"The use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of communication systems by another state or organization:† Although there is no dictionary definition of cyber-terrorism, The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has definedRead MoreSocial Media Effects Terrorism : Terrorism1205 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Effects Terrorism What is cyber terrorism exactly? Cyber terrorism is known for â€Å"an electronic terrorism or information wars, can be defined as any act of Internet terrorism which includes deliberate and large-scale attacks and disruptions of computer networks using computer viruses, or physical attacks using malware, to attack individuals, governments, and organizations† (Paul Curran). Terrorist have gotten a lot clever and started using social media to alert, recruit, and scare the

Cotton Industry Essay Example For Students

Cotton Industry Essay THE COTTON INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIA1. IntroductionCotton is one of the oldest fibres used by human beings. Archaeologists have found cotton 5000 years old. Alexander the Great, around 300 BC, brought cotton goods into Europe but only the rich could afford it. The cotton plant grew wild in East Africa. Cotton belongs to the Hibiscus family. Our commercial varieties of cotton were developed from perennial shrubs in Central America. (Source A)2. History of the cotton industry. Governor Phillip brought cottonseeds to Australia on the First Fleet in 1788. However, substantial production really only occurred in the 1860s with the American Civil war creating a shortage for the English spinners. Large areas of dryland cotton were planted in Queensland to meet the demand. A similar burst in production occurred in the 1930s when the American cotton crop had boll weevil problems. By 1934 Australias production had risen to 17,000 bales, but 20 years later our cotton industry was almost non existent. Interest in cotton revived in the 1960s when the construction of major dams in northern NSW and southern Queensland enabled irrigated cotton production. Another boost to the industry was the arrival in Wee Waa of two American cotton growers who showed how to grow the crop. Irrigated and dryland planting have continued to expand since then. In 1998, production peaked at 3 million bales. (Source B)3. Value of cotton industry to domestic/export to Australia. Australia is the fourth largest cotton growing country in the world Cotton is Australias fifth biggest rural export worth more than $800 million. (Source A)The value of Australias raw cotton is now more than $1.5 billion, while the meal and oil produced from cotton seed contribute a further $100 million to the Australian economy. Last year, Cotton Australia claimed a record in cotton production with production of 681 tonnes of raw cotton outstripping wool production for the first time in Australian history. Australia produced a record 3 million bales of high quality cotton last year 97% of this was exported to buyers in Indonesia, Korea and Japan. Cotton production in Australia has trebled since 1985 and doubled in the past three years. For every one-dollar earned in irrigation farming generates $6 in the wider community. Cotton Australia chief executive officer; Gary Punch said cotton production would double in the next three to five years. (Australian Cotton Outlook, September 199 8)4. Cotton industry organizations and their roles. The Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Cotton Production (Cotton CRC) was established in 1993 under the Commonwealth Governments Cooperative Research Centres Program. Its brief is to develop strategies that ensure Australias cotton industry remains an economically sound and environmentally safe rural enterprise. The CRC researches sustainable production and improved techniques of growing. It is also researching breaking the dependence on pesticides, maintaining good sill quality, using water efficiently, irrigation water quality and searching for value adding opportunities. The Australian Cotton Industry Council (ACIC) is the industry body for cotton growers. Its aim is to promote and protect the cotton industry. The Queensland Cotton Corporation Limited is Australias largest marketer and processor of cotton. It recently opened it first international office in California. It has just expanded the Dalby cotton gin and is constructing gins at Dirranbandi and Moura. (Source C)5. Cotton industry distribution and why it is where it is. 6. Cost of production of irrigated cotton. For an irrigated cotton crop (Source E)Primary till costs $6.35/hectare, secondary till costs $5 hectare, inter row $3.70 hectare, boom spray (4 times) -$7.40 hectare, aerial spraying (13times) -$104 hectare, planting $4.25 hectare, harvesting -$68 hectare, eliminator $6.35 hectare. .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .postImageUrl , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:hover , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:visited , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:active { border:0!important; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:active , .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163 .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb49e6580b59ad300f88cb7a86dc4163:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evaluating An Enthalpy Change That Cannot Be Measu EssayPlanting is recommended at 12kilograms of seed per hectare at a cost of $33.60 per hectare. Fertiliser (nitrogen) -$111.22 hectare, fertilizer (starter Z) -$36.30 hectare, Herbicides $70.45 hectare, Insecticides $507.66 hectare, Conditioners- $70.71 hectare. Irrigation -$180 hectare, Crop consultant -$42 hectare, Field handling $84.80 hectare, Insurance $96.hectare, Casual labour- $80 hectare, Chipping $42 hectare, Interest on crop credit $58.09 hectare, Tarps, ropes etc $16 hectare. Expected yield $8t /hectare. Expected price $450 tonne. TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS for growing / harvesting irrigated cotton $1634/hectare. EXPECTED INCOME IS $3600 per hectare. GROSS MARGIN $1,966 per hectare. 7. Yearly work program. (Detailed as above in costing)Planting time is from early October to mid-November (late October preferred)Early planting under cool and or wet conditions is more susceptible to seedling diseases and sucking insects attack. Planting does occur from late September until mid November for irrigated crops and until late November for dryland crops on the northern Darling Downs. Minimum soil temperature (Measured at about 7.00 am) of 17 degrees C at planting depth for 3 days and warm weather following are the desirable conditions for planting to ensure rapid germination, establishment and development. Harvest occurs from March to June. (Source D)8. Conclusion. The cotton industry is one of Australias finest industries so if you are looking for an industry that you are willing to put a lot of effort into and also have a little bit of money than the cotton industry is for you. The prices for cotton is also quite substantial, cotton as you have read also needs a great deal of work and labour so you do require contact labourers for some of the jobs but the information in this assignment definitely suggests that cotton is a great industry to get into. Contents1. Introduction2. History of cotton industry. 3. Value of cotton industry to domestic/export to Australia. 4. Cotton industry organizations and their roles. 5. Cotton industry distribution and why it is where it is. 6. Cost of production of irrigated cotton. 7. Yearly work program. 8. Conclusion. 9. Science Essays

The Art Of Yoga And Meditation Essay Example For Students

The Art Of Yoga And Meditation Essay To be one with oneself is said to be a great gift, possibly the greatest gift. This is the idea behind the Yogic lifestyle and ways. Many probably wonder what a yogic lifestyle is, I myself had to search not only in books, teachers, but also within myself. One thing I learned about Yoga is that everything is modified to fit your beliefs and strengths. But if you are anything like myself you want hard core, written stone beliefs. So thats where the 8 Limbs of Yoga enter. The 8 Limbs of Yoga consist of eight different stages that one must go through in order to reach enlightenment and self-realization. We will write a custom essay on The Art Of Yoga And Meditation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Yoga itself means union of the parts of ourselves, which were never divided in the first place. In Yoga, the intention is to yoke, which means to join; it is the same as the absorption in the state of Samadhi. The first step or stage in the 8 Limbs of Yoga is Yamas. Yamas is moral observance of non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy and non-covetousness. Love, joy, and peace are deep states of Being, or rather three aspects of the state of inner connectedness with Being (Tolle 29). In this stage is where you see Meditation. Meditation describes a state of concentrated attention on some object of thought or awareness. It usually involves turning the attention to the mind itself. In this stage one must observe yourself, and watch your worries and thoughts go away. For example, this particular stage is in reference to the Savasana that is taken at the beginning and end of every physical practice. This is the point of where you can do a body scan and determine where you are holding tension and what you need to let go. The second step or stage is Niyama. Niyama in a sense is your inner integrity. In this stage you find purity, contentment and knowledge in oneself. This is once again accomplished through mediation. The third step or stage is the most common, and the most recognized yoga practice, Asanas. Asanas translated means seat. The word is used to describe the yoga postures, but also refers to the position of the spirit in relation to divinity. The physical practices consist of several different sequences that challenge the body was well as the mind. Many learn and follow these sequences through classes, videos, and the most common is through the Yoga Sutras. The Yoga Sutra is book depicting the sequences and positions in detail. Yoga Sutra itself refers to the joining of several threads into one. Yoga is the control of the modifications of the mind (Sutra 2). The idea behind the Yoga Sutras is to witness your inner state, so as to experientially go beyond all of them to the center of consciousness. The sequences are used to challenge your physical capabilities, your mental stability, and your oneness. By oneness it is meant when you reach a state in where you are completely in the now and are not worrying about the past or the future. The fourth step or stage to the 8 Limbs of Yoga is Pranayama. Pranayama refers to breath control. It means control of the life force (prana). It is commonly used to describe the various yogic breathing exercises that help give one control of the life force. The word enlightenment conjures up the idea of some super-human accomplishment, ad the ego likes to keep it that way, but it is simply your natural states of felt oneness with Being (Tolle 12). What The Power of Now is trying to say is that oneness is the path to enlightenment; one way of reaching oneness is through your breathing. When one focuses on his/or her breathing it makes all thoughts of the monkey mind drift away and allows one to have a truly clear mind to focus on you. .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .postImageUrl , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:hover , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:visited , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:active { border:0!important; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:active , .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86 .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b2dfad03401b0ee62130f422f796b86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: the wave EssayThe fifth step or stage is Pratyahara. In the 8 Limbs of Yoga, Pratyahama is referring to preparing your mind for the practice by withdrawal of your senses. This moment is as it should be because the universe is as it is. Every problem is an opportunity in disguise (Chopra). At this stage, the consciousness of the individual is internalized in order that the sensations from the senses of taste, touch, sight, hearing and smell dont reach their respective centers in the brain. With this, the Sadhaka, which is discipline, is free to meditate without distractions. At the advanced levels, the practitioners turn off the electrical currents, which flow through the nerves and even the involuntary muscles. This is accomplished through breath-control. The sixth stage or step in the yogic path of The 8 Limbs of Yoga is Dharana. Dharana can be translated as holding steady. It is the initial step of deep meditation, where the object being meditated upon is held in the mind without consciousness wavering from it. That is, the meditator is conscious that he/she is meditating (that is, is conscious of the act of meditation) on an object, and of his or her own self, which is concentrating on the object. In the subsequent stage, as the meditator becomes more advanced, consciousness of the act of meditation disappears, and only the consciousness of being/existing and the object of concentration exist. In the final stage of Samadhi, the self also dissolves, and the meditator becomes one with the object. Generally, the object of concentration is God, or the Self, which is seen as God itself. The seventh stage or step of the yogic path is Dhyana. Dhyana refers to meditation, or an uninterrupted flow of attention of the psychic energy to an object. For example, an exercise that was practiced in class was concentration on the flame. It requires that one concentrate on the flame of a candle till you can close your eyes and see the flame inside yourself. The concentration allows one to reach a state of mind where all worries fade, and ones Atman reaches calmness. Atman refers to ones soul. The eighth and final stage is Samadhi. Samadhi is a term that describes a non-dualistic state of consciousness, an illusion, in which the consciousness of the experiencing subject becomes one with the experienced object, and in which the mind becomes still (one-pointed or concentrated) though the person remains conscious. This state of mind of which is an illusion is referred to Maya; Maya is the phenomenal world of separate objects and people, which creates for some the illusion that it is the only reality. The goal of enlightenment is to understand this more precisely, to experience this, to see intuitively that the distinction between the self and the universe is a false truths. The distinction between consciousness and physical matter, between mind and body, is the result of an unenlightened perspective. The last stage of The 8 Limbs of Yoga is the final step for one to finally reach enlightenment. In the end it could take long periods of time to reach the final stage of the yogic path. Brahman is the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this universe. The 8 Limbs of Yoga is ones path to wholeness where our Brahman is fulfilled. We need to enjoy and take responsibility on what is happening now, not on what happened, whats going to happen or what if. These worries only occupy your mind, and do not allow you to enjoy what is going on (Tolle).